Woody plant encroachment refers to the proliferation and expansion of woody vegetation, such as trees and shrubs, into grasslands, savannas, and other non-forested regions. This phenomenon is typically driven by a combination of factors, including land use practices (e.g. fire suppression, grazing), climate change, and invasive species. The impact of woody plant encroachment on ecosystems can be significant, as it can alter the composition and structure of plant communities, affect nutrient cycling and water availability, and decrease biodiversity. Additionally, it can have economic implications for landowners, such as reduced livestock grazing capacity or increased fuel load for wildfires. Research in this area focuses on understanding the drivers of woody plant encroachment, its ecological consequences, and potential management strategies to mitigate its effects. This includes studying patterns of woody plant colonization, the interactions between woody and herbaceous species, and the role of disturbance events in shaping vegetation dynamics.